Section 5 Solitary
ICE PBNDS defines a “Special Management Unit” as “housing unit for detainees in administrative or disciplinary segregation” and defines segregation as “[c]onfinement in an individual cell isolated from the general population; for administrative, disciplinary, or protective reasons” (ICE 2016, 473, 474). These are anodyne euphemisms for solitary confinement. The G-324A SIS form records information on four kinds of solitary confinement:
- administrative
- disciplinary
- medical
- mental health
During the 21.83 months covering the period between September 6, 2019 and July 1, 2021, there were 37998 instances of solitary reported (Tables 5.1, 5.2, and Figure 5.1).
There was an average of 184.79 (SD=357.92) instances of segregation per facility by inspection. Six facilities have significantly higher than average number of solitary instances reported per inspection. Of these facilities two are managed by ICE, one is managed by the Henderson Police Department, two are operated by CoreCivic, and one is managed by LaSalle Corrections.
Roughly half of the total instances of solitary were administrative segregation (45.53%, n = 17302) while disciplinary (25.65%, n = 9745) and medical (26.18%, n =9948) segregation made up nearly the other half. Mental health segregation (2.64%, n = 1003) comprised a relatively small proportion of the total number of solitary instances and still surpassed 1000 instances.
| Solitary Type | Total Solitary Type |
|---|---|
| detainees_placed_in_administrative_segregation | 17302 |
| detainees_placed_in_disciplinary_segregation | 9745 |
| detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_medical_reasons | 9948 |
| detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_mental_health_reasons | 1003 |
| total_segregation | 37998 |
Figure 5.1: Bar plot of facilities with greater than average number of instances of solitary > 60 days.
| Facility | Facility Operator | Total Solitary by Facility | Total Solitary by Inspection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Krome Service Processing Center | ICE | 5441 | 2720 |
| Eloy Detention Center | CoreCivic | 2278 | 1139 |
| El Paso Service Processing Center | ICE | 1655 | 828 |
| Prairieland Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 1394 | 697 |
| Henderson Detention Center | Henderson Police Department | 1319 | 1319 |
| Krome North Service Processing Center | ICE | 1255 | 1255 |
| Winn Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 1237 | 618 |
| Caroline Detention Facility | Peumansend Creek Regional Jail Authority | 1219 | 610 |
| Otero County Processing Center | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 1166 | 583 |
| La Palma Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 1099 | 1099 |
| Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West | The GEO Group, Inc. | 1089 | 544 |
| Irwin County Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 1086 | 1086 |
| River Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 949 | 316 |
| Stewart Detention Center | CoreCivic | 907 | 454 |
| South Texas ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 848 | 848 |
| Adams County Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 728 | 364 |
| York County Prison | York County Prison Board | 709 | 354 |
| Montgomery Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 662 | 331 |
| Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East | The GEO Group, Inc. | 654 | 327 |
| Otay Mesa Detention Center | CoreCivic | 633 | 316 |
| Jackson Parish Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 624 | 312 |
| Aurora ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 569 | 284 |
| Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 569 | 284 |
| Bluebonnet Detention Center | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 565 | 282 |
| Northwest ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 514 | 257 |
| Immigration Centers of America - Farmville | Immigration Centers of America | 503 | 503 |
| Imperial Regional Detention Facility | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 503 | 252 |
| Glades County Detention Center | Glades County Sheriff | 487 | 487 |
| Port Isabel Service Processing Center | ICE | 466 | 233 |
| LaSalle ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 464 | 464 |
| Sherburne County Jail | Sherburne County Sheriff’s Office | 398 | 199 |
| Pulaski County Detention Center | Pulaski County | 344 | 172 |
| Catahoula Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 331 | 331 |
| Pike County Correctional Facility | Pike County Prison Board | 303 | 152 |
| Jena LaSalle Detention Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 301 | 301 |
| Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 277 | 138 |
| Baker County Detention Center | Baker County Sheriff’s Office | 234 | 117 |
| McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility | McHenry County Sheriff | 231 | 231 |
| Essex County Correctional Facility | Essex Department of Corrections | 213 | 106 |
| Florence Service Processing Center | ICE | 194 | 97 |
| Bergen County Jail | Bergen County Sheriff’s Department | 186 | 93 |
| Houston Contract Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 186 | 93 |
| Bristol County Jail and House of Correction | Bristol County Sheriff’s Office | 180 | 90 |
| Wakulla County Detention Facility | Wakulla County Sheriff’s Office | 171 | 86 |
| Polk County Adult Detention Center | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 148 | 74 |
| Calhoun County Correctional Center | Calhoun County Sheriff’s Department | 137 | 68 |
| Freeborn County Adult Detention Center | Freeborn County Sheriff’s Office | 128 | 64 |
| Richwood Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 128 | 64 |
| Yuba County Jail | Yuba County Sheriff’s Office | 112 | 56 |
| Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center | Hudson County Board of Corrections | 110 | 55 |
| Limestone County Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 103 | 52 |
| Clinton County Correctional Facility | Clinton County Prison Board | 98 | 49 |
| Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility | Central Falls Detention Facility Corporation | 97 | 48 |
| Plymouth County Correctional Facility | Plymouth County Sherrif’s Department | 88 | 88 |
| El Valle Detention Facility | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 86 | 86 |
| Allen Parish Public Safety Complex | Allen Parish Sheriff’s Office | 84 | 42 |
| Worcester County Jail | Worcester County | 82 | 82 |
| Dodge County Detention Facility | Dodge County Sheriff’s Office | 81 | 40 |
| Geauga County Jail | Geauga County Sheriff’s Office | 75 | 38 |
| LaSalle Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 70 | 70 |
| Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility | Okmulgee County Criminal Justice Authority | 70 | 70 |
| Johnson County Corrections Center | LaSalle Corrections | 68 | 68 |
| Saint Clair County Jail | Saint Clair County Sheriff’s Department | 67 | 67 |
| Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 66 | 33 |
| Folkston ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 63 | 63 |
| Jerome Combs Detention Center | Kankakee County Sheriff’s Office | 62 | 31 |
| Joe Corley Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 60 | 30 |
| Nye County Detention Center | Nye County Sheriff’s Office | 60 | 30 |
| Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 54 | 54 |
| Seneca County Jail | Seneca County Sheriff’s Office | 51 | 26 |
| Kay County Detention Center | Kay County Justice Facilities Authority | 46 | 23 |
| Eden Detention Center | CoreCivic | 39 | 39 |
| Clay County Jail | Clay County Sheriff’s Office | 38 | 19 |
| Butler County Jail | Butler County Sheriff’s Office | 36 | 36 |
| Torrance County Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 29 | 29 |
| Hardin County Jail | Hardin County Sheriff’s Department | 28 | 14 |
| Bossier Parish Corrections Center | Bossier Parish Sheriffs Office | 27 | 27 |
| Webb County Detention Center | CoreCivic | 27 | 14 |
| Chippewa County Correctional Facility | Chippewa County Sheriff’s Office | 25 | 25 |
| David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center | Tulsa County Sheriff’s Office | 23 | 12 |
| Cambria County Prison | Cambria County Prison Board | 22 | 22 |
| Strafford County Department of Corrections | Strafford County Sheriff’s Office | 22 | 11 |
| Montgomery County Jail | Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office | 21 | 21 |
| Washoe County Detention Center | Sheriff of Washoe County | 21 | 21 |
| Hall County Department of Corrections | Hall County Board of Corrections | 20 | 20 |
| Rio Grande Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 18 | 9 |
| CCA Florence Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 17 | 17 |
| Cibola County Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 16 | 8 |
| Boone County Jail | Boone County Sheriff’s Office | 14 | 7 |
| Golden State Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 13 | 4 |
| Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 12 | 12 |
| Desert View Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 11 | 6 |
| Laredo Processing Center | CoreCivic | 11 | 6 |
| Cass County Jail | Cass County Sheriff’s Office | 10 | 10 |
| Morgan County Adult Detention Center | Morgan County | 10 | 10 |
| Alamance County Detention Center | Alamance County Sherrif’s Office | 8 | 4 |
| Teller County Jail | Teller County Sheriff’s Department | 8 | 4 |
| Northern Oregon Correctional Facility | Northern Oregon Corrections | 7 | 7 |
| Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center | Charleston County Sheriff’s Office | 7 | 7 |
| Carver County Jail | Carver County Sheriff’s Office | 5 | 5 |
| Howard County Detention Center | Howard County Government | 5 | 5 |
| Orange County Correctional Facility | Orange County Sheriff’s Office | 4 | 2 |
| Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center | Shawnee County Board of Comissioners | 3 | 3 |
| Christian County Jail | Christian County Sheriff’s Office | 2 | 2 |
| Rolling Plains Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 2 | 2 |
| San Luis Regional Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 2 | 1 |
| Alamance County Jail | Alamance County Sherrif’s Office | 0 | 0 |
| Brooks County Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 | 0 |
| Broward Transitional Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 | 0 |
| Chase County Detention Center | County of Chase | 0 | 0 |
| Coastal Bend Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 | 0 |
| Dorchester County Detention Center | Dorchester County Sheriff’s Office | 0 | 0 |
| Douglas County Department of Corrections | Douglas County Board of Corrections | 0 | 0 |
| East Hidalgo Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 | 0 |
| Etowah County Jail | Etowah County | 0 | 0 |
| LaSalle County Regional Detention Center | LaSalle County Sheriff’s Department | 0 | 0 |
| Monroe County Inmate Dormitory | Monroe County Sheriff and County Board of Commissioners | 0 | 0 |
| Morrow County Correctional Facility | Morrow County Sheriff | 0 | 0 |
| Platte County Detention Center | Platte County Sheriff’s Office | 0 | 0 |
| Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 | 0 |
| South Louisiana ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 | 0 |
| T. Don Hutto Residential Center | CoreCivic | 0 | 0 |
| Val Verde Correctional Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 | 0 |
| West Texas Detention Facility | LaSalle Corrections | 0 | 0 |
| Western Tennessee Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 0 | 0 |
| Willacy County Regional Detention Facility | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 0 | 0 |
5.1 Solitary Over 60 Days
The G-324A SIS form includes line items for annual number of administrative and disciplinary segregation stays over 60 days. ICE PBNDS Appendix 3.1.A, Offense Categories I.B.3 defines up to 60 days as the maximum length of disciplinary segregation (ICE 2016, 224). It is unclear why form G-324A has an entry for reporting uses of disciplinary solitary exceeding the 60 day maximum defined by PBNDS.
Based on the inspections reviewed there were 400 instances of segregation > 60 days reported (Figures 5.2, 5.3, and Table 5.3). Of these cases, 87% (n=348) involved administrative solitary and 13% (n=52) involved disciplinary solitary.
Within this sample of inspections, there were on average 1.86 (SD=5.23) instances of segregation greater than 60 days per inspection. There are five facilities that have significantly higher than average number of incidents of solitary greater than 60 days. Of these, one is operated by MTC, three by the GEO Group, and one by CoreCivic. MTC’s Imperial Regional Detention Facility stands out with more than double the next two highest ranking facilities regarding solitary > 60 days.
Figure 5.2: Bar plot of facilities with greater than average number of instances of solitary > 60 days.
| Facility | Facility Operator | Total Solitary > 60 days by Facility by Inspection |
|---|---|---|
| Imperial Regional Detention Facility | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 43 |
| Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West | The GEO Group, Inc. | 22 |
| LaSalle ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 20 |
| Otay Mesa Detention Center | CoreCivic | 14 |
| Jena LaSalle Detention Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 12 |
| Eloy Detention Center | CoreCivic | 10 |
| Montgomery Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 10 |
| Henderson Detention Center | Henderson Police Department | 9 |
| La Palma Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 7 |
| Northwest ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 7 |
| Caroline Detention Facility | Peumansend Creek Regional Jail Authority | 6 |
| Pike County Correctional Facility | Pike County Prison Board | 6 |
| Plymouth County Correctional Facility | Plymouth County Sherrif’s Department | 6 |
| Aurora ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 5 |
| Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 5 |
| Immigration Centers of America - Farmville | Immigration Centers of America | 5 |
| El Paso Service Processing Center | ICE | 4 |
| York County Prison | York County Prison Board | 4 |
| Catahoula Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 3 |
| Irwin County Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 3 |
| Port Isabel Service Processing Center | ICE | 3 |
| Richwood Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 3 |
| Adams County Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 2 |
| Krome Service Processing Center | ICE | 2 |
| Otero County Processing Center | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 2 |
| River Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 2 |
| Sherburne County Jail | Sherburne County Sheriff’s Office | 2 |
| Yuba County Jail | Yuba County Sheriff’s Office | 2 |
| Bristol County Jail and House of Correction | Bristol County Sheriff’s Office | 1 |
| Chippewa County Correctional Facility | Chippewa County Sheriff’s Office | 1 |
| Clinton County Correctional Facility | Clinton County Prison Board | 1 |
| Johnson County Corrections Center | LaSalle Corrections | 1 |
| Nye County Detention Center | Nye County Sheriff’s Office | 1 |
| Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility | Okmulgee County Criminal Justice Authority | 1 |
| Teller County Jail | Teller County Sheriff’s Department | 1 |
| Torrance County Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 1 |
| Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Alamance County Detention Center | Alamance County Sherrif’s Office | 0 |
| Allen Parish Public Safety Complex | Allen Parish Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Baker County Detention Center | Baker County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Bergen County Jail | Bergen County Sheriff’s Department | 0 |
| Bluebonnet Detention Center | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 0 |
| Boone County Jail | Boone County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Bossier Parish Corrections Center | Bossier Parish Sheriffs Office | 0 |
| Brooks County Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Broward Transitional Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Butler County Jail | Butler County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Calhoun County Correctional Center | Calhoun County Sheriff’s Department | 0 |
| Cambria County Prison | Cambria County Prison Board | 0 |
| Carver County Jail | Carver County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Cass County Jail | Cass County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| CCA Florence Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 0 |
| Christian County Jail | Christian County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Cibola County Correctional Center | CoreCivic | 0 |
| Clay County Jail | Clay County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Coastal Bend Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center | Tulsa County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Desert View Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Dodge County Detention Facility | Dodge County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility | Central Falls Detention Facility Corporation | 0 |
| Dorchester County Detention Center | Dorchester County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Douglas County Department of Corrections | Douglas County Board of Corrections | 0 |
| East Hidalgo Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Eden Detention Center | CoreCivic | 0 |
| El Valle Detention Facility | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 0 |
| Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 0 |
| Essex County Correctional Facility | Essex Department of Corrections | 0 |
| Florence Service Processing Center | ICE | 0 |
| Folkston ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Freeborn County Adult Detention Center | Freeborn County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Geauga County Jail | Geauga County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Glades County Detention Center | Glades County Sheriff | 0 |
| Golden State Annex | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Hall County Department of Corrections | Hall County Board of Corrections | 0 |
| Hardin County Jail | Hardin County Sheriff’s Department | 0 |
| Houston Contract Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 0 |
| Howard County Detention Center | Howard County Government | 0 |
| Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center | Hudson County Board of Corrections | 0 |
| Jackson Parish Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
| Jerome Combs Detention Center | Kankakee County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Joe Corley Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Kay County Detention Center | Kay County Justice Facilities Authority | 0 |
| Krome North Service Processing Center | ICE | 0 |
| Laredo Processing Center | CoreCivic | 0 |
| LaSalle Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
| LaSalle County Regional Detention Center | LaSalle County Sheriff’s Department | 0 |
| Limestone County Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
| McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility | McHenry County Sheriff | 0 |
| Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Monroe County Inmate Dormitory | Monroe County Sheriff and County Board of Commissioners | 0 |
| Montgomery County Jail | Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Morgan County Adult Detention Center | Morgan County | 0 |
| Morrow County Correctional Facility | Morrow County Sheriff | 0 |
| Northern Oregon Correctional Facility | Northern Oregon Corrections | 0 |
| Orange County Correctional Facility | Orange County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Platte County Detention Center | Platte County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Polk County Adult Detention Center | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 0 |
| Prairieland Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
| Pulaski County Detention Center | Pulaski County | 0 |
| Rio Grande Detention Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Rolling Plains Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
| Saint Clair County Jail | Saint Clair County Sheriff’s Department | 0 |
| San Luis Regional Detention Center | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
| Seneca County Jail | Seneca County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center | Shawnee County Board of Comissioners | 0 |
| Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center | Charleston County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| South Louisiana ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| South Texas ICE Processing Center | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Stewart Detention Center | CoreCivic | 0 |
| Strafford County Department of Corrections | Strafford County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| T. Don Hutto Residential Center | CoreCivic | 0 |
| Val Verde Correctional Facility | The GEO Group, Inc. | 0 |
| Wakulla County Detention Facility | Wakulla County Sheriff’s Office | 0 |
| Washoe County Detention Center | Sheriff of Washoe County | 0 |
| Webb County Detention Center | CoreCivic | 0 |
| West Texas Detention Facility | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
| Western Tennessee Detention Facility | CoreCivic | 0 |
| Willacy County Regional Detention Facility | Management & Training Corporation (MTC) | 0 |
| Winn Correctional Center | LaSalle Corrections | 0 |
Figure 5.3: Bar plot of solitary > 60 days by facility operator